Monday, May 26, 2014

Laws Of Proportion In Physics

I have noticed a law of physics that I have never seen pointed out before. It is actually about how existing laws of physics relate to each other.

There are a number of laws of physics in which some quantity increases as a function of another quantity. Here are a few examples of increases in direct proportion: The gravity of some body in space, such as an asteroid or planet, increases in direct proportion to it's mass (Although this is only practically true if the size of the body of matter remains constant, since an increase in size along with mass would mean that an object on the surface of the body would be further from the center). Distance covered increases in direct proportion to velocity. The kinetic energy (or energy of position) of an object increases in direct proportion to the gravity of the planet that it is on, and also in direct proportion to it's altitude from the surface.

These proportion laws also apply to economics. Supply tends to increase in direct proportion to prices. When there is more demand for goods, and people are willing to pay higher prices, there is more incentive for manufacturers to produce it.

There are other laws that are similar in concept, but where one quantity increases in inverse proportion as a function of another quantity. Here are a few examples: Gravity increases in inverse proportion to distance (The closer to a planet or star one gets, the stronger it's gravitational becomes). Density increases in inverse proportion to volume (Matter becomes more dense when it is compressed into a lesser volume). Travel time increases in inverse proportion to velocity.

My observation is that in any given system or set of rules, opposite rules of proportion must balance out for any finite system, including the entire universe. For every law that something increases in direct proportion, if the universe is finite then there must something that increases in inverse proportion. Something cannot go on increasing, unless something equivalent is decreasing. So, the two sets of laws are opposite but must be equal.

In fact, this can be considered as an extension of Newton's principle that every action brings about an equal but opposite reaction, a simple example is a rocket being driven forward by it's thrust in the opposite direction. Every law of physics that has something increasing in direct proportion to something must be balanced by a law that has something increasing in inverse proportion to something. This principle also has an electrical application in Kirchhoff's law that if there is an electric current in an inductor (such as a coil of wire) that induces a current in another inductor, the secondary current will flow in a direction that opposes that of the original current.

I cannot see how it can be otherwise. The laws of physics that involve changes in proportion, either in some closed system or in the universe as a whole, must balance between those that increase in direct proportion and those that increase in inverse proportion. To be otherwise, the system would have to be infinite. There is just no way for anything to keep increasing unless it is balanced by something equivalent decreasing. This is how the laws of physics must relate to each other to form a coherent whole, there must be balance between equivalents.

This must be true not only in the laws of physics, but in any set of rules of operation of a finite system such as economics, and either in a specific system or the laws as a whole.

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